mkosi: Introduce build image

mkosi: Introduce build image

We want the exitrd image to be built with the latest systemd as well.
As the exitrd image is built as part of mkosi.images, and all subimages
are built before the main image, this implies the packages must be built
as a subimage in mkosi.images/ as well. So we introduce the build image and
move all logic related to building distribution packages there.

This also has the nice side effect of slimming down the main image as the
build dependencies are not installed into the main image anymore. It also
makes sure the packages are built in a "clean" chroot without any of the
other packages which we install in the main image available.

(cherry picked from commit 7205fc7dc31eb2be3075ee6ba23ebe84324aa5cb)